New Look Jackets Inc. : Variance Analysis Essay

Presentation New Look Jackets Inc. (NLJ) is an entrenched assembling organization that makes cowhide and nylon coats. The organization has many long standing clients because of their phenomenal assistance and nature of items. In 2012, they had some trouble with quality and occupying orders on time because of the expansion of interest to the cowhide coats. A difference investigation has been finished and this report will separate the outcomes. Deals Volume Variance Analysis The business volume for NLJ is ideal all in all on the grounds that 10,000 additional coats were sold at that point planned. The business volume for the nylon coat is negative in light of the fact that 1,500 less coats were sold at that point planned. Anyway the cowhide coats deals volume is good in light of the fact that 11,500 additional coats were sold. In the wake of investigating the business volume and breaking the fluctuation into deals blend and deals amount. The calfskin coats have a positive deals blend however the nylon coats have a negative blend; the general deals blend is ideal. The general good deals blend is great on account of the high increment in calfskin coats sold. The business blend was planned at 95% Nylon and 5% Leather yet the real was 85% Nylon and 15% Leather. The real deals blend was a composite unit comprises of 0.85 units of deals to the Nylon coats and 0.15 units of deals to the Leather coats. The explanation behind this good fluctuation is because of t he expansion popular of calfskin coats. The showcasing group didn't anticipate this pattern therefor did exclude the expansion of calfskin coats in the 2012 financial plan. NLJ has a good deals amount difference because of the complete coats sold surpass the planned coats. They have a $139,625F deals amount fluctuation in light of the fact that sold 10,000 additional coats then what was planned. It can likewise be expressed as 10,000 X $13.9625 (see informative supplement 1) = $139,625F. The 13.9625 (11.6375 Nylon + 2.2350 Leather) is the entirety of planned CM per unit forâ budgeted blend. The nylon coats make up 83.3% of this positive change in light of the fact that 77,000 additional coats were sold. This is an increasingly moderate item therefor deals more. The business amount difference can be additionally separated into piece of the pie fluctuation and market-size change. The piece of the overall industry is $349,063 troublesome; the organization didn't accomplish the 40% of the cowhide coat showcase in view of the significant increment to request. The planned cowhide coat showcase was 12,500 yet the real market was 125,000, the market expanded multiple times. This oversight was the purpose behind the troublesome piece of the overall industry. T he nylon coats were planned at 20% piece of the overall industry and really were 22% of piece of the overall industry. The market-size fluctuation is good, as the absolute market-size was more prominent than anticipated. The planned market unit was 487,500 yet the real size was 550,000, an expanded interest of 62,500 units. The market increment is a direct result of the cowhide coat request. In 2012, the nylon coat showcase diminished by 50,000 units. Adaptable Budget Variance Analysis For the nylon coats all planned sums were accomplished anticipated the variable selling and organization. The variable selling and organization was good by $14,025. The good difference was on the grounds that financial plan was 15 pennies higher than genuine. The lessening in the selling and organization cost was because of the abatement sought after for 2012. The cowhide coats adaptable spending changes were all ominous barring the immediate work rate. The immediate work rate was ideal because of the freshness laborers recruited to create the calfskin coats. The calfskin coat showcase increment essentially so the interest for gifted laborers expanded. NLJ needed to fall back on employing incompetent laborers to stay aware of interest. This brought about an ideal direct work rate yet at the expense of offer returns expanding to 8% from 1%. The adaptable spending fluctuation is comprised of the productivity (utilization) change and value difference. The cowhide coat value difference i s 44,550U in light of the fact that the cost was downplayed in the planned by 2.70 per unit. The proficiency (utilization) differences for the cowhide coats are both ominous for direct materials and direct work. The standard work use was 2 hours, NLJ real work utilization was 2.5 hours. This brought about a 165,000U fluctuation ((2-2.5)*20*16,500). The immediate materials proficiency difference was 66,000U. NLJ utilized 0.2 meters progressively a coat then productionâ standards ((2.5m †2.7m)*20*16,500). These horrible differences are because of the unpracticed specialists that were employed in view of the unanticipated interest in cowhide coats. Equal the initial investment Analysis The business blend is planned for 2013 as 77% Nylon coats and 23% Leather coats. With this business blend the equal the initial investment delineated in Appendix 2 is 53,561 Nylon coats and 16,068 Leather coats. For the two items, this is 53.56% of the real planned sums therefor earn back the original investment ought to be reach by second quarter. On the off chance that the normal market size of either coat diminishes request, NLJ will in any case be operating at a profit for 2013. Working Budget 2013 Sketched out in Appendix 3 is the draft working financial plan for 2013. The nylon coat costs are required to increment by 5% and cowhide coat costs have expanded from 2012. The creation and promoting administrators investigated the normal conditions for 2013 and the draft financial plan mirrors that. This year, absolute creation is required to increment by 18.2% and total compensation by $766,400. Proposal NLJ realizes the Nylon showcase well so the changes were negligible. The calfskin showcase is the place the organization needs to invest more energy investigating and building up the financial plan to decrease the horrible fluctuations. The business sectors and future patterns ought to be explored in a progressively itemized issue for 2013. End NLJ is a gainful organization and can remain productive by keeping their long standing clients. They have to investigate the market and realize the patterns coming up so they can spending plan and plan all the more effectively. The large swing in ominous changes was for the most part because of the unanticipated increment sought after to calfskin coats. In 2013, NLJ won't consider this to be as laborers will be completely prepared and the showcasing and creation information is including the up and coming patterns.

Space Flight Essays - Apollo Program, United States,

Space Flight On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy conveyed one of the most significant State of the Union locations throughout the entire existence of the United States. ?I accept that this country ought to invest in accomplishing the objective, before this decade is out, of handling a man on the Moon and returning him securely to the earth? (http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary, President John F. Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs). With those words, Kennedy propelled another time of room investigation in the United States. Despite the fact that the National Aeronautics And Space Administration was made in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (http://www.hq.nasa.gov, Key Documents), and the Russians previously propelled the principal satellite into space in 1957, the US was still at a halt regarding the matter. What the nation required was a reminder, and that is actually what it got from one of the most commended speakers in its history. The new period guarante ed a lot, however anticipated pretty much nothing. From USA's battle to be the prevailing politically influential nation vulnerable War Era, to the thoughtless exhaustion of normal assets in the Information Age, space investigation and space explorers were and will be the genuine keys to the new thousand years and past. Prior to investigating the future, or in any event, assessing the present, one must glance in detail at the historical backdrop of the space venture. The missions that gave researchers and architects the important information and experience to make new, more secure, increasingly solid and many-sided gear were propelled some time before there was practical discuss sending tests to Mars. The space travelers that helped shape the preparation programs, took the beatings of crude flight tests, and kicked the bucket so as to serve their nation were conceived before World War II. What's more, even the Russian Space Program was vital to what the space program is today. It powered rivalry, and gave more assets to American architects. Until Apollo 11, they were in front of the Americans in nearly everyway, with their dispatch of Sputnik, an unmanned satellite in 1957, and their incalculable firsts in circling and space strolls. Yuri Gagarin was the primary man in space. Albeit a large portion of the missions that have been propelled have been significant in their own particular manners, a few missions simply stick out, regardless of whether it was the initial step on the Moon, or the primary crucial Mars. NASA's first prominent program was Project Mercury, a push to learn if people could make due in space. It was the introduction to the later missions, and it gave NASA the essential information to construct better, and increasingly agreeable boats for people to remain in space for broadened timeframes. The principal dispatch of the Mercury program was the LJ-1 on August 21, 1959. At thirty-five minutes before dispatch, clearing of the territory had been continuing on time. Out of nowhere, thirty minutes before dispatch time, an unstable glimmer happened. At the point when the smoke cleared it was obvious that solitary the case and-tower blend had been propelled, on a direction like an off-the-cushion prematurely end (http://www.ksc.nasa.gov, Mercury : LJ-1). The main somewhat effective shuttle dispatch happened September 9, 1959. In spite of the fact that the BJ-1 boat encountered a few issues, and the planning on a portion of the partition methodology was off, the container made it back to earth approximately seven hours after lift-off. The container circled the earth for roughly thirteen minutes (Mercury: BJ-1). Mercury crucial 5 was the first to convey live living beings into sub-circle. In spite of the fact that Enos - a chimpanzee, was not an ideal substitute for a human, he filled in as a decent test for the ecological controls of the container. He circled the earth in all out weightlessness for more than three hours and after landing was in flawless state of being (Mercury: MA-5). On May 5, 1961, Freedom 7 was the primary dispatch to convey people into space. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. was the main crewmember, and the fruitful strategic for more than 15 minutes (Mercury: MR-3). Increasingly kept an eye on departures from the M ercury arrangement followed, featured by the Friendship 7, where on February 20, 1962, John Glenn was the principal American in real circle, and he circled the earth multiple times for a little under five hours (Mercury: MA-6). The last strategic the Mercury venture went ahead May 15,

Why Expertise Should Be Your Priority in Creating Online Content

Why Expertise Should Be Your Priority in Creating Online Content Whether you are marketing a business, a brand, a website or yourself, creating and providing online content across several forms of media comes with its own slippery slopes. It doesnt take much to realize the inherent problems that are part of such public and easy publishing. In fact, all one has to do is consider the scandals of celebrity Twitter account holders to see the extent of damage that can come of providing the wrong content; and the professional consequences of posting content that is awkward, misinterpreted or otherwise harmful to ones reputation.For this reason, particularly if you are building your personal brand, using expertise as a guide for online content publishing is essential if you want to do it the right way and be successful at it. If you are publishing online content for the sake of building a business or attracting website traffic, providing meaningful content not only gives your website legitimacyâ€"it also helps potential clients or customers know that you do a good job at providing the services you sell. This type of reputation-building behavior is important and stands in contrast to the aforementioned celebrity Twitterers, who undermined their professional reputation with online content instead of building it.What is content marketing?Content marketing is the term used for published content that provides information to an audience, particularly an audience made up of potential clients or customers. When you create content marketing, your goal should be to provide value to your audienceâ€"either through giving them useful information relevant to your line of work or assisting them by answering questions they might have. In answering questions, you are showing yourself to be an expert, and your audience will consider that online content to be an extension or picture of the quality of the services or products you provide. In other words: its a good thing to answer questions and provide meaningful expertise in your specific areaâ€"but only if those answers and bits of expertise are correct, so fact checking is important!Providing expertise or answering questions builds value for your site, your company and your personal brand. Value is, in many ways, a perception, so it is essential that the perception of value online audiences glean from your content is positive. When your readers see it as useless information, or information that has just been reworded and rehashed from other sources available online (that may or may not be correct), your content will quickly lose value. The result of that is your online presence loses value, as well.So what about readability and watering down content?One of the worst things you can do in providing online content is attempting to make it readable for everyone. In doing so, you end up watering down the content, or making it less than what it could be for the sake of attracting what is hoped to be a mass audience. While the intention is a good one, it can end up destroying your c ontents perceived value, since those who are seeking detailed expertise will be unable to find it in your content. If you provide advice that is readily found anywhere on the internet, your potential audience and potential customers are likely to move their business elsewhere, since there is nothing separating your company or services from hundreds of others that are available.Your experience speaks volumesSo how do you avoid providing content that looks like everyone elses? Simple. Use your experiences as a springboard for showing your expertise. Many businesses hire copywriters to rehash already-published content just to provide keyword-rich content, but few insist on providing the source information. Why is this? Much of it has to do with not being involved enough in the content being published. Without this involvement, the content provided on a website is only as good as the copywriters knowledge base and source material. It does not reflect the expertise of the person or compa ny attempting to build its image and brand through the content, and could end up backfiring when unchecked or incorrect information gets posted. The way to avoid this is absolute involvement in the content you are publishing under your name or under the name of your business. You wouldnt allow a stranger to write your personal mail and memos; dont let a stranger write your online content unless you are highly involved in the process and can provide source material for the writer.Heres an example: An attorney who wishes to grow her clientele hires a copywriter to create informative content regarding her subject area of practice on her websites blog. Since she practices in the area of Will and Estate Law, she tells the copywriter to write content that focuses on the different terminology and what it means. She notices after a while that her website is not drawing nearly as much traffic as shed hoped.What should she do differently?First, she should realize that content that simply defi nes terms is content that is available online in copious amounts. A search for definition or a general description is likely to pull up hundreds of websites before it pulls up hers, so its value is slight, if there is any value to it at all.Second, she should reframe her content to provide examples of her work with each of these types of cases or legal arrangements. She could include a quick definition within her description for simple SEO keyword purposes, but the bulk of the content should be focused on unique experience and expertise in the fieldâ€"hers.Finally, she should welcome questions from her websites visitors, and post the answers to those questions as part of the content she provides. This not only solidifies her as an expert in the businessâ€"it also fills the website with useful, relevant content that makes visitors feel like their time reading her website and blog has not been wasted. A potential client looking for an attorney in Will and Estate Law will see this part icular attorney as someone who knows what she is talking about and is willing to go that extra mile to help her clients and answer their questions. They will see her as such because of the content she provided.

Biography of Angelina Grimké, American Abolitionist

Angelina Grimkà © (February 21, 1805–October 26, 1879) was a southern woman from a slaveholding family who, along with her sister, Sarah, became an advocate of abolitionism. The sisters late became advocates of womens rights after their anti-slavery efforts were criticized because their outspokenness violated traditional gender roles. With her sister and her husband Theodore Weld, Angelina Grimkà © wrote American Slavery As It Is, a major abolitionist text. Fast Facts: Angelina Grimkà © Known For: Grimkà © was an influential abolitionist and womens rights advocate.Born: February 20, 1805 in Charleston, South CarolinaParents: John Faucheraud Grimkà ©Ã‚  and Mary SmithDied: October 26, 1879 in Boston, MassachusettsSpouse: Theodore Weld (m. 1838-1879)Children: Theodore, Sarah Early Life Angelina Emily Grimkà © was born on February 20, 1805, in Charleston, South Carolina. She was the 14th child of Mary Smith Grimkà © and John Faucheraud Grimkà ©. Mary Smiths wealthy family included two governors during colonial times. John Grimkà ©, who was descended from German and Huguenot settlers, had been a Continental Army captain during the Revolutionary War. He served in the state House of Representatives and was the states chief justice. The family spent their summers in Charleston and the rest of the year on the Beaufort plantation. The Grimkà © plantation produced rice until the invention of the cotton gin made cotton more profitable. The family owned many slaves, including field hands and household servants. Angelina, like her sister Sarah, was offended by slavery from an early age. She fainted one day at the seminary when she saw a slave boy her own age opening a window and noticed that he could barely walk and was covered on his legs and back with bleeding wounds from a whipping. Sarah tried to console and comfort her, but Angelina was shaken by the experience. At age 13, Angelina refused confirmation in the Anglican church of her family because of the churchs support for slavery. When Angelina was 13, her sister Sarah accompanied their father to Philadelphia and then to New Jersey for his health. Their father died there, and Sarah returned to Philadelphia and joined the Quakers, drawn by their anti-slavery stance and their inclusion of women in leadership roles. Sarah briefly returned home to South Carolina before moving to Philadelphia. It fell on Angelina, in Sarahs absence and after her fathers death, to manage the plantation and care for her mother. Angelina tried to persuade her mother to set at least the household slaves free, but her mother refused. In 1827, Sarah returned for a longer visit. Angelina decided she would become a Quaker, remain in Charleston, and persuade her fellow southerners to oppose slavery. In Philadelphia Within two years, Angelina gave up hope of having any impact while remaining at home. She moved to join her sister in Philadelphia, and she and Sarah set out to educate themselves. Angelina was accepted at Catherine Beechers school for girls, but their Quaker meeting refused to give permission for her to attend. The Quakers also discouraged Sarah from becoming a preacher. Angelina became engaged, but her fiance died in an epidemic. Sarah also received an offer of marriage but refused it, thinking she might lose the freedom she valued. They received word about that time that their brother Thomas had died. He had been a hero to the sisters, for he was involved in emancipating slaves by sending volunteers back to Africa. Abolitionism The sisters turned to the growing abolitionist movement. Angelina joined the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society, which was associated with the American Anti-Slavery Society, founded in 1833. On August 30, 1835, Angelina Grimkà © wrote a letter to William Lloyd Garrison, a leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. Angelina mentioned in the letter her first-hand knowledge of slavery. To Angelinas shock, Garrison printed her letter in his newspaper. The letter was reprinted widely and Angelina found herself famous and at the center of the anti-slavery world. The letter became part of a widely-read anti-slavery pamphlet. The Quakers of Philadelphia did not approve of Angelinas anti-slavery involvement, however, nor of Sarahs less radical involvement. At the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Quakers, Sarah was silenced by a male Quaker leader. The sisters decided to move to Providence, Rhode Island, in 1836, where the Quakers were more supportive of abolitionism. In Rhode Island, Angelina published a tract, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South. She argued that women could and should end slavery through their influence. Her sister Sarah wrote An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States. In that essay, Sarah confronted Biblical arguments typically used by the clergy to justify slavery. Sarah followed that with another pamphlet, An Address to Free Colored Americans. While these were published by two southerners and addressed to southerners, they were reprinted widely in New England. In South Carolina, the tracts were publicly burned. Speaking Career Angelina and Sarah received many invitations to speak, first at anti-slavery conventions and then at other venues in the north. Fellow abolitionist Theodore Weld helped train the sisters to improve their speaking skills. The sisters toured, speaking in 67 cities in 23 weeks. At first, they spoke to all-woman audiences, but then men began to attend the lectures as well. A woman speaking to a mixed audience was considered scandalous. The criticism helped them understand that social limitations on women were part of the same system that upheld slavery. It was arranged for Sarah to speak to the Massachusetts legislature on slavery. Sarah became ill and Angelina filled in for her. Angelina was thus the first woman to speak to a United States legislative body. After returning to Providence, the sisters still traveled and spoke but also wrote, this time appealing to their northern audience. Angelina wrote an Appeal to the Women of the Nominally Free States in 1837, while Sarah wrote an Address to the Free Colored People of the United States. They spoke at the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. Catherine Beecher publicly criticized the sisters for not keeping to the proper feminine sphere, i.e. the private, domestic sphere. Angelina responded with Letters to Catherine Beecher, arguing for full political rights for women—including the right to hold public office. Marriage Angelina married fellow abolitionist Theodore Weld in 1838, the same young man who had helped prepare the sisters for their speaking tour. The marriage ceremony included friends and fellow activists both white and black. Six former slaves of the Grimkà © family attended. Weld was a Presbyterian; the ceremony was not a Quaker one. Garrison read the vows and Theodore renounced all legal power that laws at the time gave him over Angelinas property. They left obey out of the vows. Because the wedding was not a Quaker wedding and her husband was not a Quaker, Angelina was expelled from the Quaker meeting. Sarah was also expelled for attending the wedding. Angelina and Theodore moved onto a farm in New Jersey and Sarah moved in with them. Angelinas first child was born in 1839; two more and a miscarriage followed. The family focused their lives around raising the three Weld children and on demonstrating that they could manage a household without slaves. They took in boarders and opened a school. Friends, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her husband, visited them at the farm. Angelinas health, however, began to decline. American Slavery As It Is In 1839, the Grimkà © sisters published American Slavery As It Is: Testimony From a Thousand Witnesses. The book was later used as a source by Harriet Beecher Stowe for her 1852 book Uncle Toms Cabin. The sisters kept up their correspondence with other anti-slavery and pro womens rights activists. One of their letters was to the 1852 womens rights convention in Syracuse, New York. In 1854, Angelina, Theodore, Sarah, and the children moved to Perth Amboy, New Jersey, operating a school there until 1862. All three supported the Union in the Civil War, seeing it as a path to end slavery. Theodore Weld traveled and lectured occasionally. The sisters published An Appeal to the Women of the Republic, calling for a pro-Union womens convention. When it was held, Angelina was among the speakers. The sisters and Theodore moved to Boston and became active in the womens rights movement after the Civil War. All three served as officers of the Massachusetts Womens Suffrage Association. On March 7, 1870, as part of a protest involving 42 other women, Angelina and Sarah illegally voted. Death Sarah died in Boston in 1873. Angelina suffered several strokes shortly after Sarahs death and became paralyzed. She died in Boston in 1879. Legacy Grimkà ©s activism had a profound effect on the abolitionist and womens rights movements. In 1998, she was posthumously inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame. Sources Browne, Stephen H.  Angelina Grimke Rhetoric, Identity, and the Radical Imagination. Michigan State University Press, 2012.Grimkà ©, Sarah Moore, et al.  On Slavery and Abolitionism: Essays and Letters. Penguin Books, 2014.

The Dharma of Mahayana Buddhism Essay - 1073 Words

Advanced technology and luxurious items seem bring humans into a â€Å"Modern World.† However, it seems these 21st Century technologies and items have brought more dissatisfaction, the duhkha. Death, blood and war, these words appear in the newspaper almost everyday. Despite those external dissatisfactions, internally human kind becomes more selfish and lonely. As a matter of fact, a hypochondria is becoming so popular that one in seven adults is facing it. In our society today, Buddhism, especially Mahayana Buddhism, becomes a cure to the duhkha that we are facing today. The Dharma of Mahayana Buddhism becomes very helpful to resolve many, even all the problems humans are facing today. Mahayana Buddhism believes in the Path of Bodhisattva,†¦show more content†¦In context of Mahayana Buddhism, emptiness doesn’t mean that the existence of everything is nothingness. What emptiness really means is that the existence of things are dependently arising from the empty of own beings. â€Å"A flower that always needs sunlight, water, soil, nutrients and so on to live. † What this means is that sunlight and those factors caused a flower to exist, but a flower will eventually dies. Since the flower will eventually die and the factors like water that fed the flower will disappear as well, in the end nothing left. Thus, flowers are emptiness, factors are emptiness, emptiness creates emptiness and in the end there is only emptiness left. There are really two important point here, one is that everything is emptiness and everything will change with â€Å"empty of own beings.† Another one is that people has to see through the emptiness and find the such ness of things. An analogy may be help to explain the point. Money always brings up conflicts between people or countries and result of the conflicts are rather unpleasant. In recent years, robbery becomes outrageous and if people understand even a tiny bit about the dharma of Mahayana Buddhism, especially about the concept of emptiness, many of the robbery could be avoided. Money is very valuable, but it is still empty. The reason that money is valuable is because such value isShow MoreRelatedEssay Mahayana Buddhism1396 Words   |  6 Pages History proves that as Buddhism spread throughout the Asian world in the early 1st century, it was occasionally altered to fit the specific needs and beliefs of people it touched. Mahayana Buddhism is one such example of this gradual evolution. It was primarily a movement started and kept alive by monks that slowly gained popularity amongst lay people but was in no way a unified movement. Mahayana Buddhism still adheres to th e basic fundamental beliefs presented in the Pali CanonsRead MoreEssay about The Evolution of Buddhism 1182 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism is a unique religion that bestows upon its members that their actions accumulate karma and too much bad karma leads to rebirth. A person reaches Nirvana (also known as heaven) when achieving enlightenment and is no longer subjected to rebirth. Buddhism also believes there is no one almighty god, but rather many gods, which they refer to as deities. Dharma is commonly known as the sacred teachings of a deity. The Buddha is only born in certain situations that members are in need of re-teachingRead MoreMahayana Branch of Buddhism 1114 Words   |  5 PagesOne branch of Buddhism is Mahayana, which literally means the Great Vehicle. Mahayana can more easily be defined as a loose collection of teachings with large and extensive principles that coexist all together. Mahayana defines itself as penetrating further and more deeply into the Buddhas Dharma , or the way of the Buddha. This practice originates in India, and slowly spread across Asia to countries as China, Japan, Korea through the missionary activities of monks and the support of kings. HoweverRead MoreEssay on Apwh Ch.9 Study Guide732 Words   |  3 Pagesrealm by inscribing edicts in natural stone formations or pillars he ordered to be erected, established his capital at the fortified city of Pataliputra, created a central treasury to oversee the efficient collection of taxes, and he converted to Buddhism. How did the Gupta administrative practices differ from the Maurya? Ashoka had insisted on knowing the details of regional affairs, which he closely monitored from his court at Pataliputra. The Guptas left local government and administrationRead MoreThe Jataka Tale Of The Hungry Tigress947 Words   |  4 Pagesand teachings of the Arahat of the Theravada school, the Bodhisattva of the Mahayana school and the follower of the quicker path to Buddhahood of the Vajrayana school. However, the self-sacrificial actions of the bodhisattva at the end of the tale is analogous to the Guru of the school of Vajrayana, leading one to believe that this story best follows the thunderbolt vehicle of Vajrayana. In the school of Theravada Buddhism, one strives to become an Arahat, â€Å"one who has attained the Nirvanic experienceRead MoreReligion: Gender Inequality1395 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on the concepts of original religion but through cultural influence and social manipulation. The essence of Buddhism originated from a human being (known as Buddha). And Buddha is the one who achieved the highest enlightenment. Often in Buddhism concept, there was confusion about how much devotion is required to achieve the great â€Å"Enlightenment† for monk or nun. Women in the Buddhism face much more challenges to become enlightened. Throughout the essay, I will be focusing on how in Buddhist womanRead MoreDifferences Of Theravada And Mahayana Buddhism1181 Words   |  5 Pages There are two major divisions of Buddhism. These two major divisions are Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism. Both of these divisions of Buddhism are similar but also different in some aspects. Theravada B uddhism is known as the traditions of the elders and Mahayana Buddhism is known as the expansive way. I will talk about three difference in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. There are also many little differences in both they will also be brought up in the describing the two divisions. OneRead MoreThe Avatamsaka Sutra ( Flower Ornament Sutra )856 Words   |  4 Pages In China, this form and its association with the Avatamsaka Sutra (Flower ornament sutra) is particularly representative of Buddhism in China, which followed primarily the Mahayana and centered various schools on particular Mahayana Sutras. The period is reflected in the valuable metals and gilding in gold as the Ming dynasty was a time of material prosperity and was particularly noted for its fine artists and artisans reflected in the beauty of the sculpture. In the Avatamsaka Sutra, the centralRead MoreBuddhism : Then And Now1035 Words   |  5 PagesBuddhism: Then and Now The religious Buddha was originally a prince, Siddhartha Gautama, born in 623 B.C. into a regular, royal life. For years, his father â€Å"protected† him and Siddhartha was shielded from the truth and harshness of the world. When he was older, he married Yasodhara and finally went out to the real world. When he did, Siddhartha found something that disturbed him: suffering. He found war, disease, and death. Finding this suffering, he desperately wanted to stop it. Siddhartha wantedRead MoreReligious Views On Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1528 Words   |  7 Pagesis deemed by his or her physicians to be terminally or incurably ill†(right-to-die). As the questions circling these methods of killing grow, religious groups are beginning to take stances on the issue. Two of the largest religions in the world, Buddhism and Hinduism, have denounced the idea of death with dignity but for different reasons. While neither religion is a supporter of the right to die, the rejectio ns are not unanimous for either group. The history and core beliefs of each religion can

References for Motivation Free Essays

Allen, R. S. ; White, C. We will write a custom essay sample on References for Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. (2002). Equity sensitivity theory: A test of responses to two types of under-reward situations: JMI JMI. Journal of Managerial Issues. 14 (4), 435-451. Buchanan, D. A. ; Huczynski, A. A. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. 7th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. 819. Fadil, P. A. ; Williams, R. J. ; Limpaphayom, W. ; Smatt, C. (2005). Equity or Equality? A Conceptual Examination of the Influence of Individualism/Collectivism on the Cross-Cultural Application of Equity Theory. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. 12 (4), 17-35. Gambrel, P. A; Cianci, R. (2003). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Does It Apply In A Collectivist Culture. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship. 8 (2), 143-161. Huseman, R. C. ; Hatfield, J. D. ; Miles, E. W. (1987). A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct. The Academy of Management Review. 12 (2), 222-234. Robbins, S. P. ; Judge, T. A. ; Campbell, T. T. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. 589. Sadri, G. ; Bowen, R. Clarke. (2011). Meeting EMPLOYEE requirements: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is still a reliable guide to motivating staff. Industrial Engineer: IE. 3 (10), 44-48. Sheldrake, J. (2003). Management Theory. 2nd ed. Derby: Thomson Learning. 257. Shore, T. H. (2004). Equity sensitivity theory: do we all want more than we deserve?. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 19 (7), 722-728. Steers, R. M. ; Mowday, R. T. ; Shapiro, D. L.. (2004). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory. The Academy of M anagement Review. 29 (3), 379-387. Wahba, M. A. ; Bridwell, L. G.. (1976). Maslow Reconsidered: A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory. Organizational behaviour and human performance. 15 (1), 212-240. How to cite References for Motivation, Papers

To What Extent Can Humans Be Considered Distinct from Other Animals free essay sample

To what extent can humans be considered distinct from other animals? What makes humans differ to other animals? Are humans in fact different at all? And if they are what makes them different? There are many different perspectives and viewpoints in research in psychology that helps distinguish whether humans are in fact distinct from other animals. At initial glance it would be argued that there is a distinct difference in the use of language and its interpreted meaning between one human and another this as well as differences in sexual reproduction relationships humans have in comparison to other animals. These two areas will be explored in more detail to show the distinctiveness humans have. Humans use language everyday to communicate with each other, express how they’re feeling, what their thoughts are and also how they are making sense. Cooper Kaye (2007) stated that language is in fact one of the most important aspects of being human and arguably our most distinctive and interesting characteristic as a species. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Humans Be Considered Distinct from Other Animals? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, this doesn’t mean that communication between other animals doesn’t happen but what is it about human language that is clearly distinct from just communication? Harley (1995 as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007 pg. 76-77) described human language as ‘associating a finite number of words with particular meanings or concepts, and using finite number of rules to combine those words into a potentially infinite number of sentences’. Aitchison (1983 as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007) considered four main criteria of language design features unique to human language. These were ‘semanticity’ which is how a word reflects aspects of the world. Secondly ‘displacement’ which is the ability to refer to events and items that are not currently perceived. Structure dependence’ which refers to that language is characterised by a series of symbols that don’t look like the given object. Lastly, the fourth main unique criterion is ‘creativity’ allowing flexibility in human communication, each sentence produced can convey a different meaning (Cooper Kaye, 2007). However, Seyfarth et al. (1980 as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007) reported that vervet monkeys, who live in social groups, give different alarm calls for different predators to warn the others in the group. For example a particular call from an adult monkey who had spotted an eagle caused the others to look up. This would therefore offer evidence of a semantic response as the monkeys respond to particular signs. But it cannot be definitely inferred that they actually know what the call means and that it could in fact be stimulus-response learning. Further evidence does suggest that animals do not simply learn stimulus-response relationships though but actually form internal representations conflicting with what Aitchison (1983 s cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007) inferred within the four criteria of language design features that were unique to humans. Further studies by Gardner Gardner (1969), Premack (1971) and Terrace (1979) have looked to see whether apes can be taught human language using sign language and artificial languages that involve manipulating plastic tokens (as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007). Most have been successful in enabling communication between the ape and the trainer but problems interpreting the results have been shown. In the case of Kanzi, the pygmy chimpanzee, he displayed obvious learning in his ability to respond appropriately to verbal commands (Cooper Kaye, 2007) but similar to the vervet monkeys this could potentailly be due to a learned stimulus-response. However, Kanzi’s behaviour demonstrated his ability to form specific representations in response to the words he hears like when asked to retrieve something specific he will ignore similar visible objects and retrieve the particular one asked for (Cooper Kaye, 2007). Savage-Rumbaugh (as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007) argued that in fact Kanzi was demonstrating behaviour similar to that of a 2 ? year old human in terms of their linguistic competence and understanding. This was argued against by others as children’s vocabulary develops into adult speech and no studies of apes have shown this progression in language concluding that language is therefore a distinct and unique characteristic of humans in comparison to other animals (Pinker, 1994 as cited in Cooper Kaye, 2007). Evolutionary psychology has looked to explain sex differences and has looked at both humans and animals to do so focusing particularly on the processes involved in sexual selection (Hollway, Cooper, Johnston Stevens, 2007). Both humans and animals are similar in that they both don’t consciously and deliberately use strategies to achieve a particular type in order to maximise their reproductive success (Hollway et al. 2007) but that the behaviour used successfully will have been selected for by evolutionary pressures precisely because of the reproductive advantage that it conferred. Within human evolution the full development of the brain, which is much larger than that of other animals, could only take place after birth. This and the need for sophisticated socialisation that the development of language and culture made necessary, meant a longer period of dependency for human infants than for those in primates (Hollway et al. 2007 p. 145). Another distinct difference in humans and animals is that of human sexual behaviour. Female humans have no obvious signs of ovulation and can mate with males at any time during the menstrual cycle unlike other animals. This encourages male and female relationships, where mating can happen at a whim, displaying signs of love and affection towards each other and not just that of reproduction. In animals, there are signs when the female is fertile, Rose Rose (2000 as cited in Hollway et al. , 2007) pointed out that forced sex within animals is only with these fertile females for reproduction purposes solely, this is unlike male and female reproduction in humans. Hollway et al. (2007) advise that within human sexual reproduction and relationships males have become particularly sensitive to female sexual infidelity as there is a greater paternal investment made. Females can be sure the child is theirs but male paternity can’t. Similarities found in humans and animals have been shown in studies of sex differences and the brain. There is a recognition that women and men behave differently and that this is due to differences in the parts of the brain that are involved in processing different tasks in which men or women excel (Hollway et al. , 2007). By studying male and female rats and their different sexual behaviours it was shown that the behaviours were dependent on the balance of hormones (Young, 1964; Beach 1938 as cited in Hollway et al. , 2007 p. 138). Fitch Denenberg (1998 as cited in Hollway et al. 2007) later found that there was a difference in brain structure that correlated with a difference in sexual behaviour in the rats. Although this experimental study cannot be conducted to humans due to ethical reasons biologists have conducted comparable examinations on human brain areas to investigate whether this is the case in humans. It was concluded however that these studies suggest it is much harder to consistently describe the difference in hormonal balance in humans that it is in animals (Hollway et al. , 2007). As you can see from above there is evidence to suggest that humans are in fact distinct from other animals in the areas of the use and meaning of language and that of sex differences and sexual behaviour. There are also similarities than have been found but seems that these cannot be conclusive due to the complexities of not just human behaviour but also that of animals. However, humans display a form of communication between each other that infers a higher level than those displayed by other animals which seems to be for survival purposes. Of course humans have a survival instinct as well but the thought processes and emotional responses that are demonstrated amongst one another and the recall of past events to plan future goals is distinctly different to that demonstrated by any other animal.